pH Calculator
Convert between hydrogen-ion concentration and pH, and find pOH for the complementary side of the scale.
Convert between hydrogen-ion concentration and pH, and find pOH for the complementary side of the scale.
Given a discrete random variable with three outcomes x₁, x₂, x₃ and corresponding probabilities p₁, p₂, p₃ (summing to 1...
Compute the interior angle of a regular n-gon and the sum of all interior angles: each = (n − 2) · 180 / n; sum = (n − 2...
Compute the (x, y) intersection of two lines a₁·x + b₁·y = c₁ and a₂·x + b₂·y = c₂ via the determinant. Returns the uniq...
Calculates carpet or flooring area needed for multiple rooms including a user-defined waste percentage, and estimated to...
Calculates factor of safety FOS = σ_yield / σ_applied. FOS < 1 → failure; 1.5 = minimum structural; 3+ = critical safety...
Compute the Pearson chi-square goodness-of-fit statistic from up to six (observed, expected) pairs: χ² = Σ (O − E)² / E....
Convert between common units of time including milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years.
Calculates optimal bedtimes based on 90-minute sleep cycles. Waking at the end of a cycle (90, 180, 270, 360, 450, 540 m...
Compute the time required to read a piece of text from the word count and your reading speed in words per minute. Report...
Compute MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512, and CRC-32 digests for any input string. Useful for verifying checksums against pu...
Calculates Macaulay duration and modified duration of a bond from coupon, yield, face value, and years to maturity.
Standard deviation is "average distance from the average". That one sentence covers 90% of everything you ever need to remember about it.
Every "X% of Y" problem, every "what percent of", every percent-change question — written out the way you'd actually say them.
These calculators were technically reviewed by Daniel Oh for accuracy.
Calculate an age-based pediatric dose from a known adult dose using Young’s Rule. A quick educational tool for students...